|
|||||||||||||||||||
| 钢琴英语术语词汇 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| 钢琴英语术语词汇 Essential piano terminology Action Aliquot stringing Baby / boudoir / conservatoire / concert grand Below pitch Bottom door Bridge Candle board Celeste pedal Compass Concert pitch Covered strings Dampers Double escapement / double repetition Double overstringing Escapement Fall Frame Grand piano Half blow pedal Half prop Half top Hammers Lyre Oblique strung Overdamper Overstrung Pianoforte Pin block Pitch raise Practice pedal Regulation Roller action Sostenuto pedal Soundboard Speaking length Straight strung Sustain pedal Toning Top Top door The touch Tuning pins Una corda pedal Underdamper Unison Upright grand Upright piano Wrest plank
Pianoforte The traditional, full name of the instrument, derived from the Italian piano and forte, i.e. literally quiet and loud. After the gravicembalo col piano et forte invented by Cristofori (c. 1709), developed from the harpsichord. The modern instrument is substantially different in design and construction. Early pianos without iron frames are now conventionally referred to as fortepianos.
Upright piano Any piano in which the strings are vertical.
Grand piano Any modern piano in which the strings are horizontal.
Upright grand Another name for a large upright piano.
Baby / boudoir / conservatoire / concert grand Grand piano sizes ranging from less than 5' in length to about 9' 6" in total length. 7' 6" would be a conservatoire grand 5' 6" would be a boudoir grand
Compass The 'length' of the keyboard. including both natural ('white') keys and 'sharps', 'raised' or 'black' keys, the full concert compass is 88 notes (7 1/4 octaves). (But some Bosendorfer grands, for example, have extra keys in the lower bass). 85 notes (7 octaves) is another standard also considered 'full compass'. Miniature instruments may have, for example, 6 octaves or 5 1/4 octaves.
Top door This is the vertical board at the front, above the fall, covering the top half of the piano, that can be removed.
Fall This is the 'lid' covering the keyboard.
Bottom door The removable 'door' at the bottom of an upright piano, underneath the keyboard.
Lyre The wooden structure supporting the pedals and pedal rods on a grand piano.
Soundboard The wooden (spruce) sound amplifying structure inside the piano, across which the strings are tensioned. The soundboard is a composite structure consisting of (usually) parallel grained planks of (usually) spruce, and "belly bars" which are strips of wood glued to the back of the soundboard, normally at right angles to the grain of the soundboard. The soundboard looks flat, but in fact forms a shallow three-dimensional arch, the curvature known as the soundboard's "crown" or "buck".
Bridge The bridges terminate the speaking lengths of the strings. There is a bridge at each end of the speaking length of the strings - one on the iron frame, and one on the soundboard. There are generally three or four bridges altogether, two on the soundboard and one or two on the iron frame. Sometimes on the iron frame there may be agraffes or studs instead, which are individual units, one per note, with holes through which the strings pass. Agraffes on the upright piano each have an individual bridge as part of the construction. The bridges on the iron frame, or agraffes or studs, provide a rigid boundary to one end of the string's speaking length. The soundboard bridges, i.e. the long bridge and the bass bridge, transmit the vibrating string's energy to the soundboard. On a grand piano the rigid bridge provided by the iron frame may be in the form of a capo d'astro, which bridges on top of the strings.
Frame This is cast iron, usually gold painted. It takes the tension of the strings. It is very heavy, and needs to be, for acoustical reasons. Both old and new pianos are heavy. Hence, a heavy piano does not indicate it is an obsolete design - it is a feature of the best modern instruments.
Una corda pedal The left pedal on a grand piano, and occasionally on an upright piano. The pedal shifts the whole action to one side so that the hammers strike only two out of three strings in the trichords, or one out of two in the bichords. Its use provides a better and more sustained tone, when playing quietly.
Half blow pedal The left pedal on most modern upright pianos. Moves the hammer rest rail forward towards the strings so that the blow distance (the distance between the hammers and the strings) is reduced, thus reducing the power of the action by introducing lost motion, or reducing the depth of touch (how far the keys can be pressed down at the front). Occasionally found as the left pedal on small grand pianos.
Sustain pedal The right pedal on all pianos. Lifts all the dampers simultaneously, causing notes to sustain and resonate.
Practice pedal Usually the middle pedal on a modern upright. Drops a strip of celeste felt between the hammers and the strings, to quieten the piano for practice without annoying the neighbors!
Celeste pedal See Practice pedal. On older upright overdamper pianos, this may be the left pedal. A strip of celeste felt is brought up between the hammers and the strings, to quieten the piano.
Sostenuto pedal The middle pedal on many grand pianos. Lifts the dampers of notes whose keys are already depressed, leaving the other dampers unaffected. Occasionally a middle pedal on a small grand piano is colloquially called the 'sostenuto' pedal, when in fact it lifts all the bass dampers simultaneously. Some upright pianos also have a genuine sostenuto pedal.
Action The (removable) mechanism for translating the movement of the keys to the movement of the hammers that strike the strings. Contains over 4000 parts.
Hammers The felt covered wooden 'hammers' that strike the strings, producing the sound. The felt is traditionally high quality Merino wool.
Dampers Soft, felt covered, wooden action components that are at rest in contact with the strings, stopping them sounding. As a key is depressed, the damper of that note is lifted off the string, allowing it to sound.
Wrest plank (pin block) The wooden laminated plank into which the wrest pins (tuning pins) are inserted.
Concert pitch An international standard that sets A above middle C to a frequency of 440 cycles per second. Some orchestras prefer alternate pitches, usually slightly higher.
Below pitch If the pitch of a piano drops by more than about six cycles per second below concert pitch, it is said to be below pitch.
Pitch raise If the piano is below pitch, bringing the instrument back to concert pitch is called a pitch raise. A pitch raise is a different kind of tuning, involving more work, than a normal tuning. In tuning terms, a semitone pitch drop is a large pitch drop.
Regulation The adjustment and setting of movements, distances, spring tensions, alignments, and timings, of the various parts of the action.
The touch The touch of the action is its 'feel' and response in playing. The touch has two aspects - correctness of response, and weight of touch. Weight of touch has three components, all with different properties.
Unison A single piano note comprises 1, 2 or 3 strings. Hence the term 'unison' may applied to the piano, may mean 'a group of three strings tuned to a musical unison'.
Wrest pins The tuning pins, inserted into the wrest plank.
Speaking length The main section of the string's length that vibrates.
Overstrung The bass strings cross over the plain steel strings, on a different plane. This allows longer strings, giving a better tone.
Straight strung All the strings are approximately parallel. Compare with overstrung.
Oblique strung The strings are angled, to improve the length.
Underdamper The modern type of upright piano action in which the dampers are beneath the hammers.
Overdamper A now obsolete type of upright piano action in which the dampers are above the hammers.
Roller action The modern type of grand piano action. The roller itself is a leather covered component fixed to the underside of the hammer shank.
Double escapement / double repetition The modern type of grand piano action. The mechanism enables a repeat note to be played, with full control, after allowing the key to rise again only a minimal amount.
Single escapement The normal mechanism of the upright piano action, and some obsolete types of grand piano action.
Escapement A mechanism by which the hammer is set free from the rest of the action pushing it towards the string, just before it strikes the string. This enables the hammer to bounce naturally off the string, rather than blocking against it.
Toning The process of reducing tension in the hammer felts, or hardening the felt, to affect changes to the tone of the piano.
Top The opening lid of a grand piano.
Half top The opening front part of the top of a grand piano.
Half prop The shorter prop stick from holding up the top of a grand piano.
Aliquot stringing The system of stringing used on some Bluthner pianos in which over half or more of the compass, an extra, unstruck string is added to each note. This improves the tone and sustaining qualities of the instrument.
Duplex scaling The system adopted in quality grand pianos (originally by Steinway), in which the part of the string between the long bridge and the hitch pin, where the string is anchored to the iron frame, passes over an additional bridge just in front of the hitch pin. This part of the string's length is allowed to vibrate, thus altering the response of the long bridge to vibrations from the main speaking length. The extra vibrating section has a length which is an harmonic proportion (a whole number fraction) of the main speaking length. This improves the tone and sustaining qualities of the piano.
Double overstringing Some very small grand pianos have two overstrung sections of bass strings. The highest covered bass strings cross over the tenor string section, and the lowest covered bass strings cross over these, on a higher, third plane.
Covered strings The bass strings are usually covered in copper windings. These add mass to the strings without overly increasing the stiffness of the strings.
Tuning pins (wrest pins) One end of each string is coiled around the tuning pin, which is turned in the tuning process. The tuning pins are inserted in the wrest plank or pin block
Candle board The music desk on a grand piano traditionally has larger flat areas on each side, that were originally used for candles, and hence are still sometimes referred to as candle boards. UNIT acoustic piano - the name that describes a piano with a soundboard and strings: upright, grand and baby grand pianos baby grand piano - the smallest type of grand piano boudoir grand piano - a medium sized grand piano celviano - Casio's brand name for their range of AP digital piano clavinova - Yamaha's brand name for their range of digital pianos: Yamaha CVP and Yamaha CLP models conservatory piano - a medium sized grand piano, often found in the conservatory of large homes digital keyboard - another name for an electronic keyboard digital piano - a piano that produces sound electronically electric keyboard - another name for an electronic keyboard electric piano - another name for a digital piano electronic keyboard - a much smaller version of the digital piano but the keys are very light electronic piano - another name for a digital piano grand piano - an acoustic piano that sits on the floor horizontally hammer - the part that hits the piano strings to produce and acoustic piano's sound horizontal piano - another name for the acoustic grand piano iron frame - the iron frame is found in upright and grand pianos, it holds the tension of the strings keybed - the part of an acoustic piano that holds the piano keys level keyboard - a much smaller version of the digital piano but the keys are very light music keyboard - another name for an electronic keyboard musical keyboard - another name for an electronic keyboard over damped - describes an old fashioned upright piano that has "dampers" above the hammers, an inferior system to the modern piano overstrung - all modern pianos are overstrung; the bass strings cross over the treble strings. This produces a better sound becuase of the increased length piano keyboard - another name for an electronic keyboard piano tuning - the art of making the twelve semitones of the piano sound equal. Also known as equal temperament. portable piano - also commonly called "stage piano". These pianos are designed with portability in mind, they have heavy keys like a piano and all the musical instrument sounds of a digital piano privia - Casio's brand name for their lightweight revolutionary digital pianos stage piano - also commonly called "portable piano". These pianos are designed with portability in mind, they have heavy keys like a piano and all the musical instrument sounds of a digital piano. Used mainly by travelling musicians tuning - the art of turning turning pegs on an acoustic piano to produce the correct sound tyros - Yamaha's famous brand name for their top of the range keyboard under damped - all modern acoustic pianos are under damped. This system is more reliable than the old overdampers. The underdamping system stops the note immediately after releasing the key upright piano - a vertical acoustic piano that is designed to stand up against the wall. The upright piano takes up far less room than a grand piano vertical piano - another name for the acoustic upright piano
喜欢英语和音乐的朋友，欢迎访问我们的英语比萨网 www.englishpizza.cn 和游四方网
you4fang.cn
|
 |
||||||||||||||||||
栏目导航－钢琴英语: [钢琴词汇] [音乐术语] [名著翻译] [钢琴文选]
| |||||||||||||||||||
| 钢琴网 www.pianoweb.cn
版权所有 All Rights Reserved 京ICP备06046492号 喜欢英语和音乐的朋友，欢迎访问我们的英语比萨网 www.englishpizza.cn 和游四方网 you4fang.cn |
|||||||||||||||||||
| 友情链接 |
|||||||||||||||||||
| |
|||||||||||||||||||
